Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental
Wiley InterScience : Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental

Caffeine and stress alter salivary [alpha]-amylase activity in young men
by Laura C. Klein, Jeanette M. Bennett, Courtney A. Whetzel, Douglas A. Granger, Frank E. Ritter
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
We examined the effects of caffeine and a psychological stressor on salivary [alpha]-amylase (sAA) in healthy young males (age 18-30 years) who consumed caffeine on a daily basis.Using a between-subjects, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 45 participants received either 200 or 400 mg of caffeine (Vivarin®) or placebo, rested for 20 min, and then performed 20 min of mental arithmetic. Saliva samples (assayed for sAA and caffeine), blood pressure, and heart rate were taken before (baseline) and 15 min after the math stressor (stress).Baseline sAA activity did not differ among the treatment groups; however, there was a statistically significant time by caffeine group interaction. Changes in sAA activity across the session were dependent on the amount of caffeine consumed. Following the challenge period, sAA activity among the placebo group was the lowest and sAA activity among the 400 mg treatment group was the highest. Separate repeated-measures ANOVAs conducted for each drug treatment group revealed that sAA activity increased in response to stress and caffeine (i.e., 200 and 400 mg groups) but not to stress alone (i.e., placebo group).Findings provide evidence for acute sAA changes in response to caffeine and stress in habitual caffeine users. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral arousal in response to stress and drug cue in alcohol and cocaine ...
by Tara M. Chaplin, Kwangik Hong, Helen C. Fox, Kristen M. Siedlarz, Keri Bergquist, Rajita Sinha
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
Negative emotional arousal in response to stress and drug cues is known to play a role in the development and continuation of substance use disorders. However, studies have not examined behavioral indicators of such arousal.The current study examined behavioral and bodily arousal in response to stress and drug cue in individuals with alcohol dependence and cocaine dependence as compared to healthy controls using a new scale.Fifty-two alcohol dependent (AD group), 45 cocaine dependent (COC group), and 68 healthy controls (HC group) were exposed to individually developed stressful, drug-cue, and neutral-relaxing imagery. Behavioral and bodily responses were assessed with a new scale, the Behavioral Arousal Scale (BAS).The BAS showed acceptable inter-rater reliability and internal consistency and correlated with subjective negative emotion and craving. BAS scores were higher in stress than neutral conditions for all three groups. COC participants showed higher BAS response to stress than AD or HC participants. COC and AD participants showed greater BAS response to drug cue than HC participants.Behavioral arousal is a domain in which stress and drug related arousal is expressed and assessment of this domain could provide unique information about vulnerability to craving and relapse in addicted populations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verbal memory improved by D-amphetamine: influence of the testing effect
by Inge Zeeuws, Natacha Deroost, Eric Soetens
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
The improvement of long-term retention of verbal memory after an acute administration of D-amphetamine in recall and recognition tasks has been ascribed to an influence of the drug on memory consolidation. Because recent research has demonstrated that intermediate testing is of overriding importance for retention, we investigated whether D-amphetamine modulates the repeated testing effect in verbal long-term recognition.Forty men participated in two double blind placebo controlled studies. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the number of recognition tests and in Experiment 2, we compared repeated with nonrepeated testing of the same items.Drug effects were observed on delayed tests only, leaving immediate recognition unaffected. Number of intermediate recognition tests and repeated testing of the same items were not affected by D-amphetamine.We conclude that the D-amphetamine memory enhancement is not related to the testing effect. This result supports that D-amphetamine modulates other aspects of the consolidation process, probably related to context effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential effects of the aromas of Salvia species on memory and mood
by Lucy Moss, Michelle Rouse, Keith A. Wesnes, Mark Moss
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
This study investigated the potential for the aromas of the essential oils of Salvia species to affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. Research has demonstrated that orally administered Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia are capable of modulating cognition and mood. The active compounds in the herbal products might also be present in the aromas and so produce similar effects. In an independent groups design, three conditions, S. officinalis aroma, S. lavandulaefolia aroma and no aroma were employed. One hundred and thirty-five healthy volunteers acted as participants, with 45 in each condition. Cognitive performance was assessed via the Cognitive Drug Research (CDR) System. Bond-Lader mood scales measured the participants' mood on three dimensions before and after the cognitive tasks. Data analysis revealed that the S. officinalis aroma group performed significantly better than the control group on the quality of memory and secondary memory primary outcome factors from the test battery. The Alert mood measure displayed significant differences between both aromas and the control condition. These findings suggest that the aromas of essential oils of Salvia species reproduce some but not all of the effects found following oral herb administration, and that interesting dissociations occur between subjective and objective responses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association study between antipsychotic-induced restless legs syndrome and po...
by Seung-Gul Kang, Young-Min Park, Jung-Eun Choi, Se-Won Lim, Heon-Jeong Lee, Seung-Hwan Lee, Yong-Ku Kim, Seung-Hyun Kim, Sung Nam Cho, Leen Kim
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
This study aimed to investigate whether the monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B genes are associated with antipsychotic-induced restless legs syndrome (RLS) in schizophrenia.We assessed antipsychotic-induced RLS symptoms in 190 Korean schizophrenic patients and divided the subjects into two groups: those with RLS symptoms (n = 96) and those without RLS symptoms (n = 94). Genotyping was performed for the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the MAOA gene and A644G polymorphism of the MAOB gene.There was no significant difference in the genotype and allele frequencies of all polymorphisms investigated between these two groups. However, the result of global haplotype analysis showed a significant difference in haplotype frequencies between male subjects with and without RLS symptoms (p = 0.013). The interaction between two polymorphisms had a significant effect on the RLS scores of both male (p = 0.047) and female (p = 0.028) patients.These data do not suggest that the MAOA gene VNTR and MAOB gene A644G polymorphisms are associated with antipsychotic-induced RLS symptoms in schizophrenia. However, we found that the haplotype frequencies differed between the male schizophrenic patients with and without RLS symptom and the interaction between the two polymorphisms had a significant influence on the RLS scores of patients with schizophrenia. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single-dose pharmacokinetics of paliperidone extended-release tablets in heal...
by Si Tianmei, Shu Liang, Liu Yi, Su Yun'Ai, Guo Chunmei, Zhang Hongyan
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
Paliperidone is the active metabolite of risperidone. This single-center, double-blind, randomized, single-dose study characterized the pharmacokinetics of 3 mg and 9 mg of paliperidone ER OROS® in healthy Chinese subjects.24 subjects (13 male, 11 female), aged 19-35 years, with a BMI of 19.0-24.6 kg/m2 participated. Blood samples were collected immediately before and over 96 h following single oral doses of 3 mg and 9 mg paliperidone. Plasma paliperidone concentrations were determined, and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed.Paliperidone's disposition after oral administration was characterized by a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Paliperidone was well absorbed (median tmax: 24 h after a 3-mg dose, and 26 h after a 9-mg dose). Apparent clearance and apparent volume of distribution were not significantly different between the two doses. Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-[infin] were dose-dependent. Pharmacokinetics was linear with respect to time; Geometric mean t1/2 was 22.8 h and 21.4 h in 3-mg and 9-mg groups, respectively. No clinically significant safety issues were identified.The pharmacokinetic results obtained in Chinese subjects were similar to those obtained in Japanese and Caucasian subjects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of nicotine on saccadic eye movement latencies in non-smokers
by Alison C. Bowling, James F. Donnelly
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
Recently, saccadic eye movement tasks have been used to assess the effects of nicotine on higher cognitive processes, including inhibitory control. Saccadic task switching methods suggest that there is prolonged inhibition of the saccadic eye movement system following antisaccade trials. The objective of this research was to examine effects of nicotine on inhibition using saccadic task switching paradigms.Nicotine and placebo lozenges were administered on separate days to 40 non-smokers who performed prosaccade and antisaccade tasks. In addition, participants performed a series of trials in which prosaccade and antisaccade tasks were switched. Eye movement latencies were recorded.Participants responded significantly faster for the nicotine condition than for the placebo condition. A switch benefit was observed for only placebo antisaccade trials, in that latencies of repetition trials were significantly longer than those of switch trials. In addition, an analysis of the repetition trials showed an interaction between saccade type and sequence position for the placebo condition, but not the nicotine condition.Inhibition persists after antisaccade trials in a switching paradigm, but that the duration of this inhibition is reduced by nicotine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior abnormality following intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in patien...
by Sepide Saroukhani, Asghar Aghamohammadi, Javad Mahmoudi-Gharaei, Hassan Abolhassani, Taher Cheraghi, Amir Imanzadeh, Kasra Moazzami, Nima Parvaneh, Nima Rezaei
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is considered a safe therapy for patients with primary antibody deficiencies (PADs), whilst adverse effects have been frequently reported. Meantime behavioral disorders reactions have not been reported yet. In this study, we describe for the first time a group of patients with PADs, who were under IVIG therapy and experienced some behavioral disorders.Five patients, including two hyper IgM syndromes, one X-linked agammaglobulinemia, one common variable immunodeficiency, and one hypo IgM disease, were surveyed. Analysis of Conner's Parents Rating Scales-Revised Short (CPRS-R:S) and child behavior checklist (CBCL) was performed for the patients, suspected to hyperactivity.Analysis of CPRS-R:S showed an evidence of mild hyperactivity before IVIG administration in four patients, whereas another patient had evidence of severe hyperactivity. After IVIG administration, hyperactivity scores of three patients were changed from mild hyperactive behavior to markedly hyperactive behavior or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder range of hyperactivity. In the CBCL scores, there were abnormal externalization scores for three patients; while two remaining patients had abnormal internalization scores.Although predisposition to behavioral disorders can be due to a genetic background, further investigations are necessary to test the hypotheses about responsibility of either IVIG or underling disease in progression of behavioral abnormalities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The loudness dependence auditory evoked potential is insensitive to acute cha...
by Jessica Oliva, Sumie Leung, Rodney J. Croft, Barry V. O'Neill, Joanne O'Kane, Julie Stout, K. Luan Phan, Pradeep J. Nathan
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
The loudness dependence of the auditory evoked potential (LDAEP) has been proposed as an electrophysiological marker for assessing serotonergic function in vivo in humans, although accumulating evidence suggests that it is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic neurotransmission. Very little is known about the sensitivity of the LDAEP to other neurotransmitter systems including the noradrenergic system. The current study examined the effects of noradrenergic modulation as well as serotonergic modulation on the LDAEP.The study utilised a double-blind placebo-controlled design in which the LDAEP in 17 healthy males and females was tested following acute administration of each of citalopram (20 mg), reboxetine (4 mg) and placebo.Neither citalopram nor reboxetine modulated the LDAEP relative to placebo treatment (p > 0.05).These findings suggest that the LDAEP is insensitive to acute changes in serotonergic or noradrenergic neurotransmission and thus is a poor pharmacodynamic marker of these systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protracted, dose-dependent weight loss after addition of ziprasidone to a sta...
by Jessika Roy-Desruisseaux, Sylvain Grignon
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
No Abstract.
Pleasures of the Brain Edited by Morten L. Kringelbach, Kent C. Berridge, Oxf...
by Brian E. Leonard
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
No Abstract.
Current awareness in human psychopharmacology
by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
29 Jun 2010 at 4:02am
In order to keep subscribers up-to-date with the latest developments in their field, John Wiley & Sons are providing a current awareness service in each issue of the journal. The bibliography contains newly published material in the field of human psychopharmacology. Each bibliography is divided into 18 sections: 1 Reviews; 2 General; 3 Psychotropic Drugs - General; Antidepressive Agents: 4 Tricyclics; 5 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; 6 Serotonergics; Euthymic Agents: 7 Lithium; Tranquillizing Agents: 8 Major; 9 Minor & Hypnotics; 10 Analeptic Agents; 11 Anticonvulsant Agents; 12 Drugs of Abuse; 13 Transmitters, Receptors, Metabolites & Modulating Agents; 14 Neuropeptides; 15 Psychoneuroendocrinology; 16 Psychoneuroimmunology; 17 Behavioural Genetics; 18 Others. Within each section, articles are listed in alphabetical order with respect to author. If, in the preceding period, no publications are located relevant to any one of these headings, that section will be omitted.

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